The Republic of Bashkortostan is located on the border of Europe and Asia, bordered in the south and southwest by the Orenburg Region, in the northwest by the Udmurt Republic, in the north by the Perm and Sverdlovsk regions, in the west by the Republic of Tatarstan, and in the east by the Chelyabinsk Region.

The industrial-agrarian republic, rich in various minerals, is one of the main oil-producing regions of the Russian Federation. The republic has a highly productive agriculture, specializing in the production of grain crops, meat and dairy and wool livestock. On the territory of the republic there are a significant number of health-improving complexes, mineral springs.

Industry: fuel and energy, chemical and petrochemical industries and electric power, mechanical engineering and metalworking, metallurgy, forestry, woodworking, pulp and paper, light and food industries. In the light and food industry, the flour-and-grain, butter-and-cheese, dairy, meat, clothing and footwear industries are distinguished.

They are successfully engaged in the cultivation of grain and industrial crops, potato growing, vegetable growing, beekeeping, poultry farming, horse breeding. Dairy-meat cattle breeding and meat-wool sheep breeding have a large share.